Marie-Cecile PLOY, PharmD, PhD, is a Professor of Microbiology at the Faculty of Medicine and Limoges Teaching Hospital, Limoges University, France. She is head of the Bacteriology-virology-hygiene department at the Limoges teaching hospital and director of the Inserm RESINFIT research unit on antimicrobials at the Limoges University.  She gained her PharmD in 1994 and her PhD on aminoglycoside resistance in 2000 (Institut Pasteur and Paris XI University).  She had a postdoctoral position (2003-2004) in Didier Mazel’lab at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France, where she focused her research on integrons.